[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/od-pocitadla-k-hyperstrojum\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/od-pocitadla-k-hyperstrojum\/","headline":"Od po\u010d\u00edtadla k hyperstroj\u016fm","name":"Od po\u010d\u00edtadla k hyperstroj\u016fm","description":"Za p\u0159edch\u016fdce dnes b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kalkula\u010dky se d\u00e1 pova\u017eovat mechanick\u00e9 kuli\u010dkov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtadlo. Tento jednoduch\u00fd po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed stroj objevili Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 (n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci p\u0159ipisuj\u00ed objev Sumer\u016fm) a byl velmi podobn\u00fd kuli\u010dkov\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edtadl\u016fm, kter\u00e1 zn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Prvn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed stroj T\u00edmto \u201ekor\u00e1lkov\u00fdm\u201c zp\u016fsobem lid\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtali a\u017e do 17. stolet\u00ed, kdy v roce 1649 Francouz ... Read moreOd po\u010d\u00edtadla k hyperstroj\u016fm<\/span><\/a>","datePublished":"2019-11-27","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/afe3e9c307ddf0b756c397ad75c6ecdba1f9da628b10651fe33a13bba6407ccd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/afe3e9c307ddf0b756c397ad75c6ecdba1f9da628b10651fe33a13bba6407ccd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hybo.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a359366_w2988_t1573371519.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a359366_w2988_t1573371519.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/od-pocitadla-k-hyperstrojum\/","about":["Technika\r"],"wordCount":422,"articleBody":"Za p\u0159edch\u016fdce dnes b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kalkula\u010dky se d\u00e1 pova\u017eovat mechanick\u00e9 kuli\u010dkov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtadlo. Tento jednoduch\u00fd po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed stroj objevili Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 (n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci p\u0159ipisuj\u00ed objev Sumer\u016fm) a byl velmi podobn\u00fd kuli\u010dkov\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edtadl\u016fm, kter\u00e1 zn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Prvn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed stroj T\u00edmto \u201ekor\u00e1lkov\u00fdm\u201c zp\u016fsobem lid\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtali a\u017e do 17. stolet\u00ed, kdy v roce 1649 Francouz Blain Pascal vynalezl mechanick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed stroj \u2013 arithometr. Trvalo ov\u0161em dal\u0161\u00edch dv\u011b st\u011b let, ne\u017e se tento stroj stal \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdm a dostal se do obchodn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Jeho s\u00e9riovou v\u00fdrobu zah\u00e1jil Thomas de Colmar a\u017e v roce 1851. Dlouh\u00e1 doba mezi objevem a komer\u010dn\u00edm prodejem se dnes, v dob\u011b obrovsk\u00e9ho technick\u00e9ho rozvoje, jev\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou. Dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 stolet\u00ed a rychl\u00fd v\u00fdvoj techniky A\u017e po\u010d\u00e1tek dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed znamenal n\u00e1stup v\u00fdvoje a v\u00fdroby stovek rozli\u010dn\u00fdch stroj\u016f a p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159ili i stroje po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed. Tehdy \u0161lo o t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 bedny, jak\u00e9 si pamatujeme z dob po\u010d\u00e1tku osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. St\u00e1le \u0161lo o mechanick\u00e9 stroje, ale podstatn\u011b dokonalej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byl arithometr. V\u00fdvoj t\u011bchto mechanick\u00fdch stroj\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme co do rychlosti porovnat s v\u00fdvojem mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f sou\u010dasnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se objevovaly nov\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 patenty na \u00fapravy a r\u016fzn\u00e1 vylep\u0161en\u00ed. Stroje zvl\u00e1dali st\u00e1le v\u00edce operac\u00ed. Obrovsk\u00fd boom nastal d\u00edky nutnosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtac\u00edch stroj\u016f pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, kdy ji\u017e neplnili pouze funkce \u010dist\u011b matematick\u00e9, ale um\u011bli i \u0161ifrovat a de\u0161ifrovat zpr\u00e1vy zachycen\u00e9 z nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch vys\u00edla\u010dek. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a objevu polovodi\u010d\u016f nastala z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bna technologick\u00fdch postup\u016f a po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed stroje se za\u010dali zmen\u0161ovat a\u017e do velikosti dne\u0161n\u00edch kalkula\u010dek. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se pro zobrazen\u00ed \u010d\u00edslic pou\u017e\u00edvaly tzv. digitrony, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly ov\u0161em obrovskou spot\u0159ebu a proto byly kalkula\u010dky nap\u00e1jeny z elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Postupn\u011b se digitrony nahradily sv\u00edtiv\u00fdmi diodami a displeji z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. Dnes je kalkula\u010dka zcela b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm a nepostradateln\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkem nejen matematik\u016f a m\u00e1lokdo si dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edstavit, jak slo\u017eit\u00e9 bylo n\u011bco vypo\u010d\u00edtat na mechanick\u00fdch stoj\u00edch \u010di dokonce na kuli\u010dkov\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edtadle. 4.1\/5 - (8 votes) "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Od po\u010d\u00edtadla k hyperstroj\u016fm","item":"https:\/\/www.hybo.cz\/od-pocitadla-k-hyperstrojum\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]